Bao Jun, the former president of Northeast Agricultural University and the current president of the Animal Welfare International Cooperation Branch of the China Agricultural International Cooperation Promotion Association

The Xiaoman Forum has now reached its third year and has grown from small to large. Yesterday, during the pre-meeting meeting, we sorted out the development and positioning of Xiaoman Forum and also set a direction for its future development. The process was encouraging. Today is the Minor Fullness Day. Holding the Minor Fullness Forum on this culturally rich festival has endowed it with the traditional cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation.
The Xiaoman Forum takes "Five Blessings Leading" as its core theme, deeply focusing on the leading role of the five major welfare standards of animal welfare in the development of the industry. Since the concept of animal welfare was introduced to China, from the dissemination of the concept to its rooting, from theoretical exploration to practical implementation, in a short period of time, a development path with unique Chinese socialist characteristics has been blazed. The achievement of this result is inseparable from every striver who has devoted their efforts to the cause of animal welfare, and even more so from the farsightedness and unremitting efforts of Mr. Chen Wei, the founder of Xiaoman Forum. As an entrepreneur, Mr. Chen Wei takes animal welfare as the core and always adheres to the concept of "One health, one welfare", fully promoting the healthy development of the industry. This sentiment of being concerned about the industry and having great love deserves our highest respect.
This time, the Animal Welfare International Cooperation Branch of the China Agricultural International Cooperation Promotion Association has joined hands with the Xiaoman Forum for the first time. In the future, we will fully mobilize the association's superior strength and rich resources to empower the forum in all aspects. Through in-depth cooperation, let's jointly contribute more to promoting the development of animal welfare and the prosperity of the livestock industry, and work together to write a more glorious chapter for the Xiaoman Forum!

Wang Chengwu is the president of the Shandong Dairy Industry Association

In recent years, China's dairy industry has been undergoing an unprecedented period of deep adjustment, and the industry as a whole has entered a downward cycle. Data shows that the loss-making rate of dairy farming across the country has reached as high as 90%. A large number of small and medium-sized dairy farms have been forced to withdraw under continuous pressure, and the industry's scale and concentration have further increased.

At present, the number of dairy cows in Shandong Province is 659,000, a 20% decrease compared with the same period last year. The output of raw milk was 3.135 million tons, a slight decrease of 1.5% year-on-year. Facing the profound adjustment of the industry, Shandong Province has actively promoted the reduction of overcapacity, the optimization of structure and the promotion of transformation, and has taken the lead in the country in the optimization of the cattle structure and the development of diversified operations. Under the new situation where resource constraints are increasingly tight, we insist on strengthening the basic industry of animal husbandry, and strive to build high-quality milk source bases. Through measures such as improving the welfare of dairy cows, implementing precise management, and reducing stress responses, we achieve stable production, quality improvement, and extending the production life of dairy cows. At present, Shandong Province has formed significant advantages in terms of per-unit yield, cost control of breeding and quality of livestock products, making important contributions to enhancing the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry.

Just as the promising solar term of Minor Fullness today implies "small to the brim", we firmly believe that under the combined effect of policy support, industry self-discipline and market regulation, China's dairy industry will surely usher in a new development situation where "Minor Fullness is not over but the future is promising", and the dawn of industry recovery is expected to gradually emerge in the second half of the year.

Zhou Shun is the dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Qingdao Agricultural University, a doctor, professor and doctoral supervisor

Qingdao Agricultural University was founded in 1951 and has campuses in Chengyang, Pingdu, Laiyang and Langu, as well as modern agricultural science and technology service centers (Jiaozhou and Pingdu). The university covers a total area of over 6,400 mu, with 25 teaching colleges and departments, 4 first-level disciplines authorized for doctoral degrees, 13 first-level disciplines authorized for master's degrees, 13 professional master's degree categories, and 86 undergraduate programs. There are more than 30,000 full-time students and over 2,000 staff members. Among them are 67 recipients of the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (*********). The university is a construction unit of "High-level University" and "High-level Discipline" in Shandong Province, and has been rated as a key construction university of the "Shandong Characteristic Famous University Project".
The College of Veterinary Medicine was established in July 2017 on the basis of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine founded in the early days of the university's establishment in 1958 and the College of Animal Science and Technology founded in 2002. It consists of three departments: the Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, the Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and the Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, as well as two undergraduate programs: Animal Medicine and Animal Pharmacy. The college currently has 85 staff members, including 68 full-time teachers. Among them, there are 18 professors and 35 associate professors. The proportion of full-time teachers with a doctoral degree is 95.5%. There are 7 position experts of Shandong Province's modern agricultural industry Technology System, 2 directors of comprehensive experiment stations, 1 young expert of Taishan Scholars, 1 leading talent of Taishan Industry, 1 chief expert of Shandong Province's Higher Education institutions' Advantageous Discipline Innovation Team, and 1 teaching master of Shandong Province. Since its establishment, the college has been adhering to the educational philosophy of "rooted in Qingdao, facing Shandong, integrating into the whole country, paying attention to the world, developing veterinary science and technology, and safeguarding human and animal health", and practicing the college motto of "Cultivating Virtue and Broadening Knowledge, Being Honest and Outstanding". It has been actively engaged in talent cultivation, scientific research, social services, cultural inheritance and other work.
Animal welfare is an important link in ensuring the safety of animal-derived food and promoting the development of the industrial chain. It is also an effective technical approach to reducing production costs and increasing economic benefits. The ability to achieve sustainable upward development represents the future leadership of an enterprise. As a leader in this industry, Qingdao Wenfeng Industrial constantly fulfills its corporate responsibility and commitment, and extends this responsibility and commitment to all areas of the entire livestock industry chain, providing new technologies and solutions for healthy and welfare breeding and sustainable and stable development of pastures. We look forward to this forum bearing fruitful results and promoting the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the dairy cattle industry.

Chen Wei is the founder of Qingdao Wenfeng Industrial and Jiatai Cloud International Trade (Qingdao)

As the initiator of the Xiaoman Forum, Mr. Chen Wei shared his idol, his philosophy of life, and the influence of Wang Yangming's thought that "all things in heaven and earth are one" on him. He also shared several experiences and the development process of the Xiaoman Forum:
I. Several practical experiences
Establish the "Tongjun" brand. In our work practice, we established the "Tongjun" brand, which implies "All livestock can be raised together, weighing a thousand pounds", embodying the ideological connotation of "all things in heaven and earth are one". This has enhanced our internal motivation and cultural confidence to go global and reach out to the world.
2. Conscience is known without thinking and capable without learning. Good knowledge and ability are the same regardless of whether one is wise or foolish, throughout history, at home or abroad. We are self-sufficient in our own nature and do not need to seek a little from the outside. We say that culture has something, but conscience has nothing.
3. Get out of the trough and weather the economic cycle.
During one economic downturn after another, we have summed up several experiences: First, respect each other's cultures and build cultural confidence; The second is equal communication; Third, provide high-quality and warm products and services.
Ii. Connect with dairy Cow Welfare
In 2009, during the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, there was a drinking bowl. When the Sino-US trade war began in 2018, we adjusted the strategy of domestic and international dual circulation and started to develop various intelligent equipment. In 2022, it joined the International Cooperation Committee on Animal Welfare and became a council member. On May 21, 2023, we established the Ningxia office, officially determined our positioning in the western market, and held the first Xiaoman Forum. Today, at the third Xiaoman Forum, we have more thoughts.
Iii. Affinity with the Xiaoman Forum
Today is Minor Fullness, full but not excessive. Minor Fullness means peace and completeness. In the future, we will continue to do grateful things with a grateful heart and serve the people we admire with an admiring heart. Spread the concept of animal welfare and contribute to the sustainable and healthy development of pastures. At the same time, it will surely witness the vigorous development of animal welfare in the future.

良好建筑环境营造与奶牛福利

王朝元 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院教授、博导、副院长，国家奶牛产业技术体系岗位科学家；中国农业工程学会畜牧工程分会理事长

王教授提出以 “营造” 替代传统 “调控” 概念，从个体环境与生产模式两层面进行环境优化。在环境评价指标方面，热应激是奶牛面临的重要环境挑战。传统温湿度指数（THI）阈值 72 已不适用于当下，研究通过 826 头奶牛实验，结合呼吸率、直肠温度等生理参数，得出国内 THI 指数 67 左右为奶牛进入轻度热应激阈值，且不同生产性能、胎次、泌乳阶段奶牛对热环境耐受度存在差异。同时对比多种环境评价指数，推荐综合等效温度指数（ET*）等更精准的参数，并开发皮肤温度指数（STI），结合环境因子预测奶牛生理指标，可通过小程序便捷判断牛群应激状态。

环境营造方法上，针对热应激，可从减少热量输入和强化散热两方面入手。建筑设计时，采用合适连接方式减少热量传导，增加遮阳措施；通过优化风机风速、安装角度，选择合适喷淋喷头粒径与流量等方式加强散热。

厂区环境监测显示，牧场粗颗粒物优于国外，但PM2.5 因垫料使用等存在超标情况，不过对周边环境影响较小；臭气监测通过连续采样分析，助力牧场管理优化。

未来建议应用数字孪生技术进行环境管理与设计，开发场景自适应环境调控系统，推动福利化装备与奶牛健康监测融合，利用人工智能提升精准化管理水平。

奶牛福利在欧美的发展和应用

DAN WEARY 加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学 教授

Dan Weary教授聚焦农场动物福利研究，重点探讨如何科学评估动物的情感能力及其受人类干预的影响。他提出动物福利的核心包含三个维度：生物健康（如疾病、生长状态）、自然行为表达（如放牧反刍动物的吃草机会）及情感状态（疼痛、愉悦等主观感受），其中情感状态的评估最具挑战性。

以犊牛去角为例，他展示了科学方法的应用。去角过程中，犊牛表现出剧烈反应（如摇尾、蹦跳、倒地），但需区分疼痛反应与单纯反射。通过对比实验发现：

药物干预验证疼痛机制：注射局部麻醉剂利多卡因可显著减少去角时的疼痛反应；术后使用非甾体抗炎药能缓解持续24小时以上的炎症痛，证明反应与主观痛苦相关。

长期情绪影响：去角后24小时，犊牛出现厌食（蔗糖溶液摄入量下降）、认知偏好改变（在条件性回避测试中回避与疼痛记忆关联的围栏），表明疼痛导致情绪低落。

复杂决策能力：在“动机权衡测试”中，犊牛为获取牛奶奖励会忍受轻度注射（如皮下注射），但主动回避肌肉注射，显示其具备基于痛苦预期的理性选择能力。

小结：动物能体验复杂情感，且痛苦干预（如去角）可能引发长期情绪恶化。科学证据支持改进动物福利措施，例如使用局部麻醉、非甾体抗炎药缓解疼痛，优化注射方式（优先选择皮下而非肌肉注射）。这些研究为基于实证的政策制定提供依据，推动动物福利从直觉判断转向精准评估。

中国奶牛舒适度大数据分析和参考标准

王艳明 建明（中国）反刍首席专家 浙江农林大学特聘专家，山东奶协特聘专家，宁夏奶产业专家，国内多家牧业集团顾问

王博士着重探讨了奶牛舒适度评估与牧场管理协同等关键问题。在舒适度评估上，躺卧时间是核心指标，不应仅关注躺卧率，还要精确记录躺卧时长并量化分析。影响躺卧的因素众多，如离开圈舍外的时间、牛群密度、卧床舒适度等，像蚊虫叮咬、垫料干湿情况都会显著影响奶牛躺卧与采食。跛行问题不容忽视，其已超越乳房炎成为影响奶牛的首要疾病，饲养规模、卧床类型、运动场条件、营养状况等均是影响因素，且牧场间跛行率差异巨大，多数牧场存在低估情况。

牧场管理方面，各部门协同至关重要。配方师设计饲料配方时，需与兽医师等紧密结合，避免独立作业。在犊牛培育上，应重视头胎牛单产高峰，摒弃盲目照搬他人经验的做法；犊牛饲养可尝试配备饲养以减少应激。此外，牧场养殖密度需结合奶价、饲料价格等经济因素灵活调整，挤奶效率也关乎奶牛休息时间与产奶量。

他最后强调，提升奶牛养殖效益，要从多方面入手，且部分改善措施无需高额成本，如保障空气、饮水质量等，关键在于牧场主重视并积极优化养殖细节。

低奶价下的生存建议

李冉 天津锦鹏咨询总经理

李总围绕当前行业面临奶价低迷困境，分析原因并提出降本增效、优化销售等生存发展策略。

行业层面，失业率上升、头部企业销量下滑、生鲜乳总量却持续增长，三重因素叠加致使奶价低迷态势短期内难以扭转。从长期看，乳企自有奶源增加、消费者健康理念转变、植物蛋白技术发展及素食主义兴起，都制约着未来奶价回升，预计即便恢复也仅在3.3 - 3.6元/公斤左右。

运营策略上，降本增效是关键。降本聚焦饲养成本、运营费用和质量成本。饲养成本方面，通过优化牛群结构减少后备牛、淘汰低产牛，利用本地原料改进饲料配方；运营成本管控中，摒弃单纯依赖设备减员的误区，建立系统方案，如依据天气、牛群状况调整饲料配方，严格监控用水；质量成本上，为避免牛奶被拒收，适当放宽指标保障销售。同时，现金流量表是运营核心，需明确每月收支，确保牧场资金运转。

销售层面，即便成本降低，牛奶销售仍存挑战。牧场需打造特色产品，减少白奶依赖；可通过建立采购平台、发展贴牌合作、利用牛奶喂养小公犊转移产能等方式拓宽销售渠道；还可探索官方收奶、发展自有品牌或贴牌等途径，实现产品变现。

最后预测，未来两三年行业或有好转，但社会牧场若没有品牌和渠道，恐难长远发展，转型成为必然趋势。

动物福利标准认证与产品溢价

雷薇薇 中国农业国际合作促进会动物福利国际合作分会奶业、肉牛项目负责人

动物遗传育种与繁殖专业硕士

雷老师报告聚焦动物福利标准认证及产品溢价，从协会概况、标准制定、认证体系、产品溢价四方面展开。动物福利国际合作分会隶属中国农业国际合作促进会，自 1995 年成立以来，致力于提升中国农场动物福利水平，已与众多国内外机构开展合作，服务1200多家畜牧业上下游企业 。

在标准制定上，协会参与多部农业行业标准、国标起草，主导 10 项团体标准发布并获中国标准创新贡献奖，另有 5 项标准在制定中。以奶牛福利标准为例，经修订后覆盖养殖、运输、淘汰全环节，新增乳头健康评分等附录内容，且由行业权威专家审定，多家头部企业参与。

认证体系方面，国际主流4个认证中，两项美国认证面向全球但要求严苛，中国尚无产品通过。协会自身认证涵盖畜产品和禽产品，分三个星级，以奶牛为例，不同星级对应不同养殖条件，与SGS 等三家第三方机构联合认证，认证产品贴有含溯源信息的标签，蒙牛等企业已率先获得相关认证。

产品溢价层面，动物福利产品认证是国际通行做法，相比有机产品要求更低。消费者调研显示，超七成消费者认可动物福利重要性，愿为福利产品溢价10-15%购买。从市场数据看，认证后的福利产品价格高于普通产品，且国内已有众多企业践行福利养殖，随着公众认知提升与制度完善，动物福利产业前景向好。

中国智慧与牧业可持续发展

宫春涛 易经应用和兵家营销策略专家，清华大学、中山大学特聘教授

宫教授从易经哲学角度剖析牧业发展规律。小满论坛秉持动物福利可持续发展、科学发展观与国学特色三大基调，邀请国学老师讲课旨在以宏观视野为行业带来启发。

今年是坤卦年，坤卦代表牛、大地，蕴含承载包容之意，其相关元素如数字 8、西南方位、黄色等，预示今年与牛相关行业变化巨大。巽卦与放牧、贸易相关，代表风、反复、渗透，对应数字 5、东南方位、蓝色。坤卦与巽卦组成 64 卦中的地风升卦，契合牧业发展，其核心为 “循序渐进” 。

升卦六爻对应牧业发展六阶段：初六 “允升大吉”，强调做事需获周围认可，打好基础；九二 “孚乃利用禴，无咎”，倡导诚信经营并展示诚信；九三 “升虚邑”，鼓励在市场困境中创新，如品牌创新、模式创新；六四 “王用亨于岐山，吉无咎”，建议企业发展到一定阶段要守住重点，借势登高；六五 “贞吉，升阶”，要求坚持灵活发展，锻造品质，逐步提升；上六 “冥升，利于不息之贞”，提醒即使取得成绩也应低调务实，持续坚持。

他还指出，伟大企业的成长如树木年轮，需历经坎坷。牧业发展应遵循升卦启示，做到筑基固本、诚信经营、重构价值、借势登高、锻造品质、穿越周期，以 “君子以顺德，积小以高大” 的智慧实现可持续发展。